CAN protocol has built-in error detection.

LIN bus uses differential signaling.

SPI allows communication with multiple slaves using chip select lines.

Stack overflow can cause ECU to reset.

A microcontroller has CPU, memory, and peripherals in one chip.

PWM output can control motor speed.

ADC helps the ECU read analog sensor signals.

The RTE in AUTOSAR connects hardware directly to sensors.

ECU software is divided into bootloader, application, and calibration data.

CAN FD supports higher data rate than standard CAN.