Hello and welcome to MAE Learning. In this blog, we will explore the about AUTOSAR Architecture – Overview of Software Layers in Automotive ECUs. The AUTOSAR architecture is designed with three main software layers that work on a microcontroller. These layers help to divide the software into clear sections. Each section has its own role in the automotive system. This separation makes the software easier to understand, develop and maintain. It also improves flexibility and allows car manufacturers to reuse software across different vehicle models.
The three layers of AUTOSAR are explained below:
1. Application Layer:
This is the top layer of the AUTOSAR architecture. It deals with the main functions and features of the vehicle. The software components here perform tasks like engine control, braking, transmission, infotainment or other vehicle-specific operations. This layer handles the high-level logic that defines how different features of the car behave.
2. Runtime Environment (RTE):
The RTE sits in the middle of the architecture. It works as a link between the Application Layer and the Basic Software Layer. Its main function is to manage communication among different software components. This ensures that data can move smoothly and safely across the system. It ensures reliable connections and real-time performance between various software parts.
3. Basic Software Layer (Basic SW):
This is the bottom layer, which is closest to the hardware of the microcontroller. It encompasses all the fundamental functions needed to operate the system. These include hardware drivers and communication services like CAN, LIN, and Ethernet. It also includes memory management and hardware abstraction. This layer hides hardware details from the upper layers, making the system more portable and easier to modify.
4. Microcontroller (Hardware):
The microcontroller is the physical chip on which all AUTOSAR software runs. It contains the CPU, memory, and hardware peripherals that connect to sensors and actuators in the vehicle. It executes the instructions from the Basic Software and Application Layer. This ensures that the required vehicle functions work correctly in real time.
AUTOSAR layers at a glance
| Level | What it is | Role in ECU |
| Application Layer | Software components that implement vehicle features. | Defines how the vehicle behaves for different functions. |
| Runtime Environment | Middleware between applications and basic software. | Routes signals and data so components can talk safely. |
| Basic Software (BSW) | Standard services, OS, communication and drivers. | Hides hardware details and offers common services to apps. |
| Microcontroller (HW) | CPU, memory and on‑chip peripherals of the ECU. | Runs all code and connects to sensors or actuators. |
AUTOSAR’s layered structure supports modular and scalable software design. It helps reduce development time, improves compatibility across different vehicles and supports regular updates as automotive technology advances.
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